It is a branch of medicine that deals with the physical fitness and sports related injury treatment. There are high possibilities of injury while carrying out any sporting activities. These injuries must be immediately treated as the physical movements would become difficult. The doctors are Sports and exercise medicine specialists who had undergone several trainings related to sports medicine. The common sports injuries are muscle cramps, ACL Sprains, Ankle Sprains, Shin Splints, ACL Tears, PCL Tears and so on. 

Arthroscopic Surgery for knee problems: An arthroscope will be introduced in the knee joint with an incision of 2-3 millimeter. This arthroscope is used to visualize the knee internally and do the necessary repair / reconstruct the torn ligaments or meniscus. The patient will be gradually relieved from the pain over a period of time. The arthroscopy surgery might take 30 – 90 minutes depending upon the case. 

Meniscal Repairs: If there is a tear in the meniscal, the patient will experience severe pain in the knee joint. It requires arthroscopic meniscal repairs. The treatment is usually decided by the doctor depending upon the nature of the tear. Some tear can be easily healed whereas some might require a surgery to be performed. Physical therapy is a must along with other invasive techniques to heal the meniscal tear. It usually takes around 4-5 months to recover after the surgery. 

Ligament Reconstruction Surgery: Ligaments are the structures which stabilize the joint. It also helps in proprioception while walking and running. The ligaments can get injured partially (sprain) or completely during any trauma around the joint causing instability and can be diagnosed by thorough clinical examination and confirmed by MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). 

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): When the ligament at the front (Anterior) portion in the centre of the knee gets damaged, ACL reconstruction surgery is required. This damage will make the knee unstable. ACL reconstruction can be performed by harvesting graft from the patients body either the ligamentum patellae (ligament of the knee cap) or back thigh muscles (hamstrings) are used. 

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): It is placed at the back (posterior) of the knee attached between the leg & thigh bone. When there is any PCL tear, reconstructive surgery is usually recommended by the doctors.